|
|
|
(LPG), (CNG) & (LNG) : Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) |
|
|
|
3.4.1 Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)
LPG is produced (synthesised) by refining petroleum or natural gas and consists of mainly propane or butane or a mixture of both.
It was first produced in 1910.
LPG becomes a liquid either by being chilled or by just applying pressure.
For pure Butane: 220 kilopascals (2.2 bar) at 20 degrees C (68F), or less than –2 degrees C at standard pressure.
For pure Propane: 2.2 megapascals (22 bar) at 55 degrres C (131F), or less than –42 degrees C at standard pressure.
In 1931 Shell’s “Agnita” became the first ship purpose- built to carry LPG.
LPG is heavier than air. Any leaks settle on the floor.
When LPG is used as a vehicle fuel is a often called “Autogas”. Its use decreases CO2 exhaust emissions by about 20%.
Citroen, Fiat, Ford, Hindustan Motors, Holden, Opel, Peugeot, Renault, Saab and Volvo produce cars that run on both petrol and LPG.
EN 589 (2004) is the European standard for Autogas.
LPG mileage can vary by more than 100%, dependant on the ambient temperature. More miles being achieved as the temperature reduces.
Early duel fuel, petrol/LPG, cars used about 25% more fuel than “petrol” only cars. Fuel economy in some modern LPG only cars is comparable with petrol powered cars.
|
|
